Importance of Managing Fatigue if your work Long hours or Shifts
A recent case of firefighters working on the Morwell mine fire has highlighted how dangerous it can be to work long hours and just how easily fatigue can creep in. Firefighters involved were forced to work up to 18 hours a day after meeting in Melbourne at 5:30am for the trip to the Hazelwood mine and only returned at midnight.
A member of the United Firefighters union explained that firefighters were so fatigued that they had to work in 2 hour rotations to try to alleviate the fatigue, which would be problematic in any industry but in one as high risk as firefighting, the risks are compounded.
It is worrying to think the emergency services personnel, who are tasked with saving lives would have to be subject to such long shifts that they could become fatigued, this in itself would present a risk to not only their lives but those of the people they are meant to be saving.
Dealing with Fatigue in the Workplace – Employers
In any work environment, it is important that fatigue is dealt with like any other hazard. This involves firstly identifying the hazard, then assessing the risks associated with the hazard, then deciding on control measures to prevent or minimise the level of risks and finally monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of control measures implemented.
In other words:
- Identify
- Assess
- Control
- Review
One of the biggest causes of fatigue on the job is overtime, as was the case with the firefighters above. The severity of the situation at the mine necessitated the firefighters working an extremely long day which caused them to become fatigued.
If a worker’s regular work day is 8 hours long, the overtime they are expected to work shouldn’t exceed 4 hours and if they normally work a 10 hour day, their overtime shouldn’t exceed 2 hours. Those workers who work 12 hours a day shouldn’t be requested to work overtime.
Another risk is presented by workers who work 2 jobs. The onus is upon the worker to ensure that they get enough rest and sleep and are fit for duty in whatever field. For example workers who take on a second job and risk the safety of themselves or their co-workers because they are fatigued are behaving irresponsibly and are breaking health and safety regulations. Employers should make them understand this responsibility.
When it comes to working night shifts, the risk of fatigue can be great. Employers should limit a workers number of consecutive night shifts to four and ensure that these shifts end by 8am. They should also ensure that there is a minimum of 12 hours between consecutive shifts so that workers have sufficient rest in between.
Employers or those responsible for the shift roster should ensure that the roster allows for at least two full night’s sleep after the last night shift.
Employers who have workers working 12 hour night shifts should consider if this is absolutely necessary. If necessary employers should use additional control measures, such as two hourly breaks of at least 5 to10 minutes duration and/or have a room on site for workers to sleep before going home.
Managing Fatigue – Workers
There are a number of things that workers can do to avoid becoming fatigued, particularly if they work night shifts or longer than normal shifts which tends to promote fatigue.
The first thing workers should consider is their diet. It is amazing how a person’s diet can affect the way they feel, including minimising or increasing fatigue.
If a worker switches over to a night shift they should try to adhere to normal day shift meal times as much as possible. They should also avoid eating after 3am and avoid large meals before going to bed, regardless of what time this may be.
During night shifts, workers should avoid high energy (high fat), high carbohydrate meals. And rather snack on fruit, vegetables and nuts.
The worst part about working a night shift is the first shift, when switching over from a day shift to a night shift. When preparing for a night shift workers should consider having an afternoon nap. They should also avoid caffeine which can disrupt their circadian rhythm and avoid alcohol. Also don’t allow your social life to interfere with your work schedule. Don’t plan a hectic night or day before the night shift.
For workers who are over the age of 45, experts say they are more likely to suffer poor quality sleep. If you suffer from poor quality, less restorative sleep, this will likely lead to fatigue at work, whether you are working a day or night shift. There are things you can do, starting with adjusting your routine. Consider taking a warm shower or relaxing bath before going to bed and listen to soothing music. Also avoid heavy meals, alcohol and tea or coffee before going to bed.
